THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that state- and province-wide data systems be established to cover spills and misses, which analyze and report causes including human factors; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that state- and province-wide spill prevention programs be established for fixed installations and transportation systems which target engineering design, human factors, substance abuse, employee assistance programs, operator training, monitoring and control of transportation systems; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that funding be appropriated for spill prevention research; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United urges the federal governments of the United States and Canada and also the governments of the states and provinces that front on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to work with the snipping companies to finance, build, staff and maintain an oil spill clean-up capability that is 50 percent larger than the largest foreseeable disaster that could occur on the lakes and/or rivers; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United urges the U. S. Congress and Canadian Parliament, each Great Lakes state's Congressional delegation and Canadian federal and provincial legislators and the Great Lakes governors and premiers to work to establish federal legislation to provide for a Great Lakes National Spill Prevention Program providing authority and funds for research, data management and analysis, improved transportation controls, planning and training and cooperation with the U. S. Department of Transportation, Transport Canada; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environment Canada, the International Joint Commission, and the Great Lakes states and provinces; AND

BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, that an emergency clean-up team for the Great Lakes Basin be established that can respond immediately to a spill with state-of-the-art equipment.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that, as a first step in efforts to restore water quality in the Great Lakes, Great Lakes United endorses the adoption of a Toxics Freeze. The Toxics Freeze must prohibit any net increases in the total mass loadings entering the Great Lakes or any of the 362 toxic conipounds on the IJC Great Lakes Water Quality Board's "1986 Working List of Chemicals in the Great Lakes Basin"; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that ihe Toxics Freeze is recognized as only the first step 2nd must be coupled with measures that wiil reduce the total mass loadings of toxic substances according to a strict tinletable; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that GLU call upon the governments in all Great Lakes jurisdictions -- States, Provinces and Federal Governments -- to adopt a Toxics Freeze either as a new law or as part of ongoing programs which may inciude Remedial Action Plans, Lakewide Management Plans, Quebec's "Projet de miss en vaiuer du Saint-Laurent", Ontario's MISA program, and revisions to water quality standards and pcilution control regulations.

THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United urges the United States Congress and the Canadian Parliament to appropriate full funding for Great Lakes sea lamprey control and research programs.

THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the preventative principle of zero discharge of contaminants be fully implemented through all laws, public policies and private practices; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that no new substances be introduced into the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem until they have been proven not to cause human health problems; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED; that responsible government agencies, including public health agencies, be held accountable and financially responsible for the commitments in and implementation of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that research into the human health effects of Great Lakes water quality be a priority of research sponsored by the re at Lakes Protection Fund and projects sponsored by other organizations; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that research into human health effects focus on vulnerable populations, be interdisciplinary and include socioeconomic as well as neurological, biological and physiological aspects; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that said research be a long-term responsibility and financial commitment of governments and that said research include comprehensive epidemiological studies incorporating the full range of exposure pathways; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that governments encourage and provide incentives for the development of alternatives to toxic substances causing human health effects; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United collaborate with groups at risk to develop information and educational programming to share with these groups; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that after the release of the State of the Great Lakes report being prepared by the Conservation Foundation and Institute for Research on Public Policy, Great Lakes United will sponsor an educational conference to inform the public of emerging public health issues and their implications; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United inform policy makers about public concerns over emerging health issues and seek their commitment to develop and implement additional appropriate measures to protect human health in the Great Lakes Basin.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT:
1. Energy conservation programs be sustained, introduced or stepped up to stabilize or even reduce consumption levels, thereby reducing ecologically harmful emissions, and/or ecological risks associated with storage and transportation of spent fuels from nuclear
reactors; and

2. A policy of industrial cogeneration be implenented in industrial planning to allow multiple uses of energy sources for greatest efficiency; and

3. Pricing structures be reformed so as to reward conservation vation in energy use, rather than penalize restraint of uee; and

4. Research seek an optimum combination of energy resources for ecosystem protection, not just coat efficiency; and

5. We accelerate the decommissioning of problematic nuclear facilities; and

6. We pursue planning for maximizing local consumption'of locally generated energy to minimize the proliferation of land use for distribution corridors and terminate leases on abandoned corridors; and

7. Finally, we sustain public education programs directed toward approval and support of the above.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United supports the following policies:

1. Stringent emissions standards should be developed in each government jurisdiction consistent with the 1987 Amendments to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; as stated in the Agreement, these standards should be based on the ability of substances, "singly or in synergistic or additive combination with another substances, to have an acute or chronic toxic effects on aquatic, animal or human life."

2. Best Available Technology, regardless of cost, should be the basis for licensing hazardous waste conversion facilities.

3. If the Best Available Technology cannot meet stringent health and environment-based stnadards, the waste conversion facility should not be built.

4. The size of waste conversion facilities should be built on such a scale that once waste reduction and source se aration occur, the facilities do not require additional sources of hazar i ous waste to maintain them.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United supports the following policies:
1. No hazardous wastes (whether pretreated or not) should be placed in landfills.
2. Above-ground storage of pretreated hazardous wastes under carefully controlled situations should be substituted for below-ground landfills.

THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United supports the creation of a Detroit-Windsor Air Pollution Board, with full public articipation to set standards for air, and water, and leachate in the transboun ary Great Lakes area; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that both federal, state, and provincial governments fund a major programme of public and consumer education, and increased support be given to localized and private efforts to reduce the use of toxic substances and to control their storage and disposal along with an emphasis on recycling as called for in the IJC Third Biennial Report; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that Ontario's new regulation 308 include specific recommendations for dealing with the effects of transboundary air pollution on the ambient air quality standard for Windsor and include an Ambient Air Quality Report similar to the industrial discharge reports for Ontario waterways.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that regulations with uniform numerical criteria common to both federal jurisdictions be established to determine the extent of contamination in sediment and therefore the options for disposal and treatment of that sediment; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that such criteria not only measure concentrations of contaminants in sediment, but that they also take into account the cumulative effects of multiple contaminant(s), the organic content and sediment size distribution, the movement (partitioning) of contaminants between sediment and water column, and chronic as well as acute effects on biota (bioaccummulation); AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that citizens be included in the decision-making process for developing said criteria as well as in reviewing all drafts of regulations including the final criteria.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that there be an immediate ban on the construction of all and any new in water diked disposal facilities in the Great Lakes; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that all existing confined disposal facilities undergo a detailed review and evaluation to determine the current integrity of their barriers, such review to be carried out by appropriate government agencies in each country; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that a protocol for ongoing monitoring for leaking, discharges, and progress impacts on the surrounding ecosystem be established by December, 1988 for all currently existing confined disposal facilities and that monitoring be implemented at all sites immediately, even as the protocals are being established; AND

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that an action plan for the removal and/or closure and remediation of all confined disposal facilities be developed and that remediation of confined disposal facilities in Areas of Concern be incorporated into the Remedial Action Plan for those Areas, and that this be done with the objective of determining ecosystem-positive methods of final treatment of the contiaminated sediments involved; AND

Et Cetera.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United supports acquisition of Grand Island by the National Park Service as an addition to Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore and inclusion of Grand Island in the Coastal Barrier Resources System if control of hunting, fishing, trapping, and related activities remains with the State of Michigan.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that in the event the National Park Service does not acquire Grand Island as an addition to the Pictured Rock National Lakeshore that the USDA Forest Service would be the preferred alternative federal agency to acquire ownership and management responsibilities of Grand Island for these purposes.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that Great Lakes United supports the following policies:

1. Each government jurisdiction shall set up programmes to remove household and commercial/industrial hazardous wastes, as well as infectious wastes, from the municipal solid waste stream.

2a. The governments within the Great Lakes Basin shall set a minimum 50% target for removal of household and commercia1 industria1 materials from the municipal solid waste stream through reduction, reuse and recycling methods, including composting, within the next ten years.

2b. State and provincial governments shall establish programs to assist in the development of markets for used oil, glass, paper, metal tires and other materials.  Procurement of products made from these materials shall be encouraged wherever possible.

2c. The local, state/provincial and federal governments shall train appropriate personnel to oversee, implement and coordinate the above programs.

3. Within the next three years, each Province and State within the Great Lakes Basin shall ass legislation requiring re cling of household and industrial / commercial wastes in order to achieve the targets in Section 2.

4a. The appropriate government jurisdictions shall pass packaging legislation so as to reduce excess and non-reusable and non-recyclable packaging and to promote recyclable packaging.

4b. Plastic packagin material shall be labelled as to composition so as to enhance recyclability.

5a. A programme to develop, institute and reach the minimum 50% target for reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes must be attained before new landfills and incinerators are considered for wastes.

5b. Recyclable materials shall be exempt from any flow control restrictions.

6. The government jurisdictions shall provide adequate funding through the budgetary process to ensure that the above actions can be implemented.